Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common, but because many can cause little to no symptoms, it is not always easy to know when something is wrong.
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While regular STI testing is important even when you feel well, certain changes in your body should not be ignored, particularly if you are sexually active.
STI or STD: What’s the difference?
The terms STI and sexually transmitted disease (STD) are often used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same, explains Everlywell.
An STI refers to an infection that is transmitted through sexual contact, while an STD generally refers to when that infection has progressed to cause disease or symptoms. This means you can have an STI without knowing it or experiencing any symptoms, and you may still pass it on to someone else.
Everlywell lists that common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital herpes, hepatitis, HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), syphilis and trichomoniasis.
STI signs and symptoms you shouldn’t ignore
Although some STIs are asymptomatic, certain symptoms may warrant testing or medical attention.
1. Painful urination
A burning sensation, pain or significant discomfort when urinating can be associated with infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea. Everlywell explains that these symptoms can sometimes be mistaken for a urinary tract infection.
2. Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
Unexplained pain or irritation in the lower abdomen or pelvic area can be associated with an STI. If you experience persistent or unusual pain, consider speaking to a healthcare professional about testing.
3. Pain when passing stool
STIs can also affect the rectum. If you have had anal sex, infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea may cause pain when passing stool, notes the health and wellness publication.
4. Unusual discharge
A new or unusual discharge from the vagina, penis or anus can be a warning sign of an STI. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea, in particular, can cause abnormal discharge.
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5. A persistent sore throat
Some STIs can be transmitted through oral sex and affect the throat. A persistent sore throat following oral sexual contact, particularly when other common causes have been ruled out, may warrant an STI test.
6. New bumps or sores
New bumps, blisters or sores around the mouth, genitals or anus should not be ignored, advises Everlywell. Conditions such as genital herpes and syphilis can cause visible changes to the skin.
7. Blood in your urine
Blood in the urine, particularly when accompanied by painful urination, can occur with certain infections, including chlamydia and gonorrhoea. However, it can have several other causes and should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
8. Blood in your stool
Persistent blood in the stool can sometimes be linked to a rectal STI following anal sex, but it can also have other causes. Seek medical advice if you notice blood or ongoing pain.
When should you get tested?
Everlywell states that having no symptoms does not necessarily mean you do not have an STI. Regular testing is important, especially after unprotected sex, a new sexual partner or if you are concerned about a possible exposure.
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